Abstract: Efficient railway track maintenance is critical for safety, operational reliability, and cost-effective asset management. While traditional inspection methods are well-established and comply ...

Abstract: Cluster analysis is the process of associating data objects with classes of similar objects. One key aspect of the clustering problem is to determine the optimal number of groups on a data ...

At the core of every AI coding agent is a technology called a large language model (LLM), which is a type of neural network ...

AIM: In order to determine the reliability between two of these methodologically different method, this study evaluated the systematic and random errors of the method proposed by Tanaka and Johnston, ...