Cassano and colleagues report an analysis of outpatients and inpatients with mood disorders (N = 1158) who participated in 5 studies in the United States and Italy. Diagnostic assessment was carried ...

This application note investigates how to convert a unipolar digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for use in bipolar applications. Calculations are provided to show the conversion for an ideal unipolar ...

Unipolar and bipolar depressive episodes have a similar clinical presentation that suggests common dysfunction of the brain’s reward system. Here, we evaluated the relationship of both dimensional ...

With the first report of lithium's efficacy in 1949 by Cade, bipolar disorder has the longest record of treatment efficacy among the major Axis I disorders. Furthermore, after more than half a century ...

In medicine, diagnosis and evaluation are of critical importance for treatment planning and outcomes. Biological understanding of general medical conditions is further along than for psychiatric ...